Multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, resistance to at least rifampicin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH), is an increasing problem both in the developed as well as in the developing countries. The early diagnosis of tuberculosis and the rapid detection of resistance to the major anti-tubercular drugs is therefore, of utmost importance for the effective control of the resurgent epidemic. This study was carried out to detect rpo B gene mutations in rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from MDR suspected sputum samples by line prob assay method. Total 3,346 MDR suspected (Criteria A,B,C) sputum samples were received in TB Culture -DST laboratory, Microbiology department, Guru Govind Singh Hospital, Jamnagar during study period for 6 months from January 2015 to may 2015 and proceeded for direct smear examination, DNA extraction, Amplification and Hybridization and detection of rpo B gene mutations and rifampicin resistance by line probe assay method. Out of 3,346 samples, 2210 sputum samples were showing direct smear positive for acid fast bacilli suggestive of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Out of 2210 direct smear positive samples, total 141 sputum samples were rifampicin resistant M .tuberculosis and studied for presence of rpo B gene mutations by line probe assay method were most common wild type 8 were 77(54.6%) absent and mutant type 3 were 104(74.0%) present. The present study has shown detection of rpoB gene mutations in rifampicin resistance M.tuberculosis is helpful to epidemiological purpose to prevent primary treatment failure,to study success rate and detection rate of various geographical area.

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