National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
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PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com / submit@ijcmas.com Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39 NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38 |
Fertility is one of the key determinants of the life time reproductive performance of the dairy cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus) and riverine buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) which is reflected by its genotype, physiological condition, nutrition and management. It is assessed by the ability of a dairy cow to produce one calf per year. Fertility in riverine buffalo is considerably lower than in cattle. To attain the optimum reproductive performance the animal has to have functional ovaries, display estrous behaviour, mate, conceive, sustain the embryo through gestation, parturiate and resume normal reproductive cycle, but any deviation from this physiological phenomenon which limits the reproductive performance of the animal is known as infertility. Infertility in the dairy herd leads to a loss of milk production, a loss of income from calf sales and an increase in the replacement rate of the cows with first calving heifers. Accurate estrus detection is considered as key determinant for efficient reproductive management of the dairy farm. The following factors have much negative impact on fertility and therefore need to be plan out to ascertain with such conditions. Firstly, reduce the negative energy balance and resolve any kind of infection from the reproductive. Secondly, the estrus detection efficacy and efficiency should be elevated with proper management and use of novel estrus detection techniques. Accurate and timed estrus detection should be followed by artificial insemination (AI) with elite germplasm by a qualified technician. Further, adoption of other novel assisted reproductive techniques/regimes like timed insemination protocol, superovulation, synchronization of estrus; embryo transfer technology (ETT) etc. in dairy animals is demanded for the benefit of the livestock owners.
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