National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
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PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com submit@ijcmas.com Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39 NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38 |
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a major global public health challenge, reducing the effectiveness of conventional antimicrobial agents and increasing the risk of treatment failure. The growing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, has intensified the search for alternative therapeutic strategies. Medicinal plants have attracted considerable scientific interest because they contain diverse bioactive phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, with potential antimicrobial properties. This review examines the therapeutic significance of medicinal plants, commonly employed extraction techniques, the mechanisms underlying their antimicrobial activity, and their potential role in addressing AMR. Conventional extraction methods, such as maceration, digestion, decoction, percolation, infusion, and Soxhlet extraction, are discussed alongside modern approaches, including microwave-assisted and ultrasound-assisted extraction. Plant-derived compounds may inhibit microbial growth through multiple mechanisms, including disruption of cell membranes, interference with essential enzymes and nucleic acid processes, inhibition of efflux pumps, modulation of quorum sensing, and suppression of biofilm formation. Particular attention is given to the synergistic interactions between plant extracts and conventional antibiotics, which may enhance antimicrobial activity and reduce the concentrations of antibiotics required to inhibit resistant pathogens. Evidence involving extracts from Psidium guineense, Salvia officinalis, Cichorium intybus, and other medicinal plants highlights their potential as adjuncts to existing antimicrobial therapies. Nevertheless, further investigations into safety, toxicity, standardization, pharmacological activity, and clinical efficacy are essential. Plant extracts therefore represent promising candidates for antimicrobial research and the development of complementary strategies against AMR.
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