Surgical Management of Uroperitoneum Secondary to Obstructive Urolithiasis in Calves by Cystorrhaphy and Tube Cystostomy: A Report of Two Cases

Two male indegenous bovine calves were with a history of complete absence of urination for a duration of two days, accompanied by progressive abdominal distension, depression and anorexia with decreased water intake. On clinical examination, both calves exhibited marked abdominal distension with a positive fluid thrill on ballottement. Abdominocentesis revealed serous fluid that smelled like urine. Ultrasonographic examination revealed distended abdomen filled with anechoic fluid suggestive of uroperitoneum due to bladder rupture. On rectal examination, urinary bladder was not appreciated. Signs of dehydration and mild tachycardia were also observed. Complete cessation of urine outflow was noticed in both the cases. Based on these findings, the case was tentatively diagnosed as uroperitoneum secondary to obstructive urolithiasis. Animals were anaesthetized using Diazepam at 0.3mg/kg B.wt., IV, and Ketamine at 3mg/kg B.wt., IV, along with cranial epidural anaesthesia using 2% lignocaine hydrochloride. Cystorrhaphy followed by tube cystostomy using foley’s catheter was performed by left low-paralumbar approach. Post operatively urinary acidifiers such as ammonium chloride was administered. No postoperative complications were observed, and both animals recovered uneventfully. Timely diagnosis combined with appropriate surgical management significantly enhances recovery and prevent life-threatening metabolic disturbances.

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