Follow
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences (IJCMAS)
Home Editorial Board Current Issue Special Issue Archives Indexing Submit Article
Instruction to Authors Manuscript Charges Copyright Form Model Manuscript Process Flow (Time Frame) FAQ
Reviewer Guidelines Selection of Reviewers Join our Team of Reviewers Apply as Reviewer Reviewer Login
Editorial Review Policy Embargo Policy Ethical Expectations Consent For Identifying Information Informed Consent Manuscript Withdrawal Policy Peer Review Process Plagiarism Policy Ethical Violations Appeal Policy Against Editorial Decision Advertising Policies Authorship Policy
Access Policies Authorship Publication Policy Publication Ethics Complaints Policy Confidential Information Conflicts of Interest Policy Consent for Copyrighted Material Copyright Policy Corrections and Retractions Digital Preservation Policy Research On Human And Animal Studies Open Access Policy
Publication Ethics Contact
IJCMAS is now DOI (CrossRef) registered Research Journal. The DOIs are assigned to all published IJCMAS Articles.
Index Copernicus ICI Journals Master List 2023 - IJCMAS--ICV 2023: 95.56 For more details click here
National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) : NAAS Score: *5.38 (2020) [Effective from January 1, 2020] For more details click here

Join as a Reviewer

Login as a Reviewer

Indexed in



National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
NAAS Score: *5.38 (2020)
[Effective from January 1, 2020]
For more details click here
ICV 2023: 95.56
Index Copernicus ICI Journals Master List 2023 - IJCMAS--ICV 2023: 95.56
For more details click here
Announcement

See Guidelines to Authors
Current Issues
Download Publication Certificate

Original Research Articles Volume : 15, Issue : 8, August, 2026

PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706
Issues : 12 per year
Publisher : Excellent Publishers
Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com
submit@ijcmas.com
Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash
Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39
NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38
Metrics and citations

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci.2026.15(8) : 210-216
DOI : https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2026.1508.020


Proteinuria in Urinary Tract Infection Patients at Kosti Teaching Hospital

Abazar Mahmoud Ismail Siddig1, Abdelfatah Birer Abdelfatah Mohamed1, Mohamed Osman Ali1, Samah Sidahmed M.S ELSAFI2, Babiker Saad Almugadam2, Hala Salah Mohamed1, Omnia Hassan Mohamed1, Ayat Yousif Mohamed1, Maab Almahadi Mohamed Ahmed1 and Elsharif Ahmed Bazie3, 4*
1University of Elimam Elmahdi, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sudan
2University of Elimam Elmahdi, Department of Microbiology, Sudan
3University of Elimam Elmahdi, Department of Pediatric, Sudan
4Security forces Hospital, Emergency department, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
*Corresponding author
Abstract:

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections and may cause temporary changes in urinary composition, including proteinuria. This study aimed to determine the frequency and degree of proteinuria among UTI patients and to assess its relationship with other urine findings and culture results. The study included 150 individuals, divided equally into 75 patients diagnosed with UTI and 75 healthy controls. The study was conducted at Kosti Teaching Hospital from July to October. Urine samples were analyzed using urine strip tests, microscopic examination, and urine culture. The results showed that the mean urinary protein level was significantly higher in patients with UTI (157.06 ± 177.64 mg/dL) than in controls (51.60 ± 27.34 mg/dL) (p = 0.000). Proteinuria was mostly mild (+1 to +2) and transient. Females represented the majority in both groups, confirming the higher prevalence of UTI among women. Leukocytes and pus cells increased significantly, while nitrate positivity was rare. Urinary pH did not differ significantly between groups. No correlation was found between proteinuria and urine culture results, suggesting that proteinuria likely reflects inflammation and renal irritation rather than bacterial growth. The study concludes that screening for proteinuria in patients with UTI is useful for the early detection of potential renal involvement.


Keywords: Proteinuria, Urine analysis, Renal System, UTI, Urinary Tract Infection, Microbiology, Sudan

References:
  1. Haider MZ, Aslam A. Proteinuria. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); 2026. PMID: 33232060.
  2. Tomaz, A. P. O., de Paiva, M., Telles, J. E. Q., de Souza, A. M., & Cogo, L. L. (2017). The detection of Bence Jones protein in urine by the heat test helps in diagnosis of multiple myeloma?. Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial, 53(1), 20-23.
  3. Craik, A., Gondwe, M., Mayindi, N., Chipungu, S., Khoza, B., Gómez-Olivé, X.,... & Fabian, J. (2023). Forgotten but not gone in rural South Africa: urinary schistosomiasis and implications for chronic kidney disease screening in endemic countries. Wellcome Open Research, 8, 68.‏
  4. Septiawan, D., Pauzi, I., Tantontos, E. Y., & Wiadnya, I. B. R. (2024). The Difference In The Results Of Urine Protein Levels In The Semi-Quantitative Method Of Esbach In Urine Accommodates 12 Hours With 24 Hours In Patients With Urinary Tract Infections. Jurnal Analis Medika Biosains (JAMBS), 11(2), 116-121.‏
  5. Burekovic, A., Haskovic, E., Ceric, F., & Halilovic, D. (2021). Correlation between inflammatory and biochemical parameters in patients with diabetes and urinary tract infection. Materia Socio-medica, 33(4), 240.‏
  6. Bono, Michael J., and Wanda C. Reygaert. "Urinary tract infection." StatPearls (Internet). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing (2022).‏
  7. Chou, Y. J., Yang, C. C., Chang, S. J., & Yang, S. S. D. (2023). Albuminuria is affected by urinary tract infection: a comparison between biochemical quantitative method and automatic urine chemistry analyzer UC-3500. Diagnostics, 13(21), 3366.‏
  8. Mancuso, G., Midiri, A., Gerace, E., Marra, M., Zummo, S., & Biondo, C. (2023). Urinary tract infections: the current scenario and future prospects. Pathogens, 12(4), 623.‏
  9. Ali, E. M., & Osman, A. H. (2010). Acute Urinary Tract Infections in Children in Khartoum State: Pathogens, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Associated Risk Factors. Arab Journal of Nephrology and Transplantation, 2(2), 11–15. https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNT.V2I2.58849.
  10. Amir, S., Sultan, A., & Hadi, A. (2017). Elevated antibiotic resistance of Sudanese urinary tract infection bacteria. https://doi.org/10.17877/de290r-18223
  11. Hamid, M. A., Bayoumi, M. A., & Hamid, O. M. (2022). Urinary Tract Infections: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Associated Bacterial Pathogens among Pregnant Women Visiting Teaching Hospitals, Khartoum, Sudan. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6393101
  12. Isiaka, H. S. (2022). Diversity and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria from urine samples of catheterized patients at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (Master's thesis, Kwara State University (Nigeria)).‏
  13. Fila, M., Hemery, F., & Morin, D. (2019). Proteinuria in pediatrics: from screening to diagnosis and monitoring of kidney disease. Annales De Biologie Clinique, 77(1), 36–40. https://doi.org/10.1684/ABC.2019.1411
  14. Fathallah-Shaykh, S. (2017). Proteinuria and progression of pediatric chronic kidney disease: lessons from recent clinical studies. Pediatric Nephrology, 32(5), 743–751. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00467-016-3448-8.
  15. Siddig, A. M. I., Mohamed, M. O. A., Ahmed, A. A., Mohammed, A. B. A., Daffaallah, M. D. A., Abdalgader, L. A. A.,... & Bazie, E. A. (2024). Effect of Severe Malaria on Biochemical Markers (Renal Functions Tests) among Severe Malaria Patients Attending to Kosti Teaching Hospital, White Nile State, Sudan.‏)
  16. Abdelraheem, M. B., et al., (2012). Glomerular diseases in Sudanese children: Clinico-pathological study. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation, 23(4), 806-810. https://www.sjkdt.org/backissues.asp?issn=1319-2442;year=2012;volume=23;issue=4
  17. Alwahaibi, N. Y., Al Issaei, H. K., & Al Dhahli, B. S. (2019). Incidence of pediatric glomerular diseases in Arab world: a systematic review. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation, 30(1), 15-23.‏
  18. Mahgoub, E. S., et al., (2020). Evaluation of diagnostic methods for urinary tract infection in Sudanese patients. African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 9(1), 1079. https://ajlmonline.org/index.php/ajlm/article/view/1079
  19. B azie, E. A., & Magzoub, O. S. (2014). Screening for asymptomatic proteinuria and haematuria in children in El‑Ferdous Village/White Nile State/Sudan. Basic Res J Med Clin Sci, 3, 155-60.)
  20. Bazie, E. A., Ali, M. M. A., Hamza, H. B., Ismail, A. M., Salih, M. S. M., & Haroun, B. E. (2015). Screening Of Proteinuria and Hematuria in Asymptomatic Children in Basic School-Kosti City-In White Nile (Kosti City).‏)
Download this article as Download

How to cite this article:

Abazar Mahmoud Ismail Siddig, Abdelfatah Birer Abdelfatah Mohamed, Mohamed Osman Ali, Samah Sidahmed M.S ELSAFI, Babiker Saad Almugadam, Hala Salah Mohamed, Omnia Hassan Mohamed, Ayat Yousif Mohamed, Maab Almahadi Mohamed Ahmed and Elsharif Ahmed Bazie. 2026. Proteinuria in Urinary Tract Infection Patients at Kosti Teaching Hospital. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 15(8): 210-216 doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2026.1508.020
Copyright: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license

Citations

Home | Terms of Use | Copyright Form 2012-2026 Copy rights reserved IJCMAS. Powered by ThinkNEXT Technologies
"; var printWin = window.open( '', '', 'scrollbars=yes,width=' + w + ',height=' + h + ',top=' + top + ',left=' + left ); printWin.document.write(html); printWin.document.close(); printWin.focus(); printWin.print(); printWin.close(); }