National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
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PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com / submit@ijcmas.com Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39 NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38 |
This study examined the long-term effects of fertilizer management and organic matter amendments on soil physical, chemical, and nutrient properties in a rice–wheat cropping system. Across treatments, bulk density ranged from 1.32 to 1.45 Mg m−3 and particle density from 2.35 to 2.39 Mg m−3, with no significant alteration in either density under long-term management. The FYM-inclusive mix (YT 6/2.5 t ha−1 + FYM; designated as T5) consistently produced the lowest bulk density, followed by T3 (YT 5/2 t ha−1), T2 (GRD), and T4 (YT 6/2.5 t ha−1), whereas the control (T1) exhibited the highest bulk density. Incorporation of FYM with inorganic fertilizers reduced bulk density, in line with prior reports, implying improved soil structure and porosity. Particle density remained largely unchanged across organic and inorganic amendments, reflecting its intrinsic soil character. Soil porosity followed a similar pattern, with organic-amended treatments—particularly those including FYM—yielding the highest porosity values and the control the lowest. Overall porosity increased with the addition of organic matter and varied fertilizer regimes, attributable to higher organic matter content, improved soil aggregation, and shifts in pore-size distribution. Infiltration rates ranged from 0.38 to 0.67 mm h−1, with the FYM-inclusive treatment (T5) achieving the highest rate significantly above other treatments; the control recorded the lowest. The tendency for infiltration to rise with integrated organic–inorganic inputs aligns with established evidence. Water holding capacity (WHC) was significantly enhanced by higher fertilizer rates, with WHC values ranging from 34.98% to 41.92% in kharif and 34.88% to 41.57% in rabi, and the FYM-inclusive regime (T5) yielding the greatest WHC. Soil pH (7.73–8.03) and EC (0.13–0.18 dS m−1) showed no consistent treatment effects, while cation exchange capacity (38.88–41.95 cmol(+) kg−1) was highest under FYM-inclusive management, reflecting increased exchange sites from higher organic matter. Soil organic carbon increased significantly with inorganic fertilizer applied alone or in combination with FYM, with the highest SOC under T5 (pre-rice 0.60%, post-wheat 0.62%) and the lowest under control. Available macronutrients (N, P, K) were highest under FYM-inclusive regimes and remained superior to control, indicating sustained nutrient supply. Micronutrients showed a similar pattern, with the strongest pre-rice levels under FYM-inclusive management, while overall treatment differences were modest. Collectively, integrated nutrient management incorporating FYM enhances soil physical structure, WHC, CEC, SOC, and nutrient pools without altering intrinsic particle density or baseline pH and EC, underscoring the benefits of combining organic and inorganic inputs for sustained soil fertility and potential crop productivity.
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