Follow
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences (IJCMAS)
IJCMAS is now DOI (CrossRef) registered Research Journal. The DOIs are assigned to all published IJCMAS Articles.
Index Copernicus ICI Journals Master List 2022 - IJCMAS--ICV 2022: 95.28 For more details click here
National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) : NAAS Score: *5.38 (2020) [Effective from January 1, 2020] For more details click here

Login as a Reviewer


See Guidelines to Authors
Current Issues
Download Publication Certificate

Original Research Articles                      Volume : 13, Issue:5, May, 2024

PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706
Issues : 12 per year
Publisher : Excellent Publishers
Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com /
submit@ijcmas.com
Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash
Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39
NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci.2024.13(5): 137-145
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2024.1305.019


Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from the Diarrhoeal Faeces of Children Aged 0 to 5 Years in N'Djamena and Sarh (Chad)
Bertille Dewa, Bessimbaye Nadlaou, Nadjiroum Ngam-Asra, Abdoulaye Hissein Ousman,Pedros Mitan and Brahim Boy Otchom
Ecole Doctorale Sciences Techniques et Environnement option Biologie et Sante Humaine, de l’Université de N’Djamena, N’Djamena, Tchad
*Corresponding author
Abstract:

Escherichia coli diarrhoea remains a public health problem in Chad. It is a common pathology in developing countries, particularly where hygiene levels are low. In children aged 0-5 years, it remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality from digestive pathologies. Its management raises questions about its resistance to the drugs used to treat it. The aim of this study is therefore to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli strains and their resistance profiles to the antibiotics commonly used in Chad.  Stools from children aged 0-5 years were collected in sterile jars and sent to the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Mère et de l'Enfant for microbiological analysis. The stools were cultured on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar and incubated in a bacteriological oven for 18 to 24 hours at 37°C. Colonies from this culture, with a metallic sheen, were subcultured onto Muller Hinton agar for purification and antigenic studies. Gram staining and oxidase tests were performed on the different strains. Biochemical identification of the isolates was carried out using the API20E Gallery in accordance with Bio Mérieux recommendations. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the various strains was carried out using the Kyrbi-Bauer technique and in accordance with the recommendations of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Microbiology Society (CA-SFM). Of the 296 stools treated, 36 strains of E. coli were isolated, giving a prevalence of 12.2%. The strains were multi-resistant to the various families of antibiotics used. High resistance to β-lactam antibiotics was observed, with 86.11% for cefotaxime, 83.33% for ceftriaxone, 72.22% for cefepime and 63.60% for ceftaxidime. All strains were resistant to aminopenicillins, with frequencies of 86.11% for amoxicillin-clavunalic acid and 83.33% for amoxicillin. However, imipenem was effective against all the strains studied. Aminoglycosides showed a resistance rate of 77.78% for gentamicin and 80.56% for tobramicin. Amicakacin was the most effective molecule, with a resistance rate of 44.44%. Quinolones and fluorquinolones showed resistance of 69.44% for nalixidic acid, 80.56% for ciprofloxacin and 72.22% for ofloxacin. Cotrimoxazole was the only sulphonamide used, with 88.89% resistance. Escherichia coli are still common in children aged 0-5 years. The strains are multi-resistant to the antimicrobials used. The circulation of such strains requires further study to gain a better understanding of their origin and mode of dissemination.


Keywords: Gastroenteritis, Escherichia coli, antibiogram, child, Chad


References:

Anago E, Ayi-Fanou L, Akpovi C D, Hounkpe W B, Tchibozo M A D et al., (2015). Antibiotic resistance and genotype of β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in nosocomial infections in Cotonou, Benin. Annals of clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobiol 14: 5-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-014-0061-1

Aubry P and Gaüzère B A (2015). Les salmonelloses Med Trop.1-6

Bishara J L, Livine G, Ashennawi S, Levi I, Ptilik, S, (2005). Antimicrobiol Susceptibiliy of Extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli IMAJ, (7): 296-301.

Bocquier P and Traoré S. (2000). Urbanisation et dynamique migratoire en Afrique de l'Ouest: la croissance urbaine en panne, Editions Le Harmattan.154p.

Carle S. (2009). Bacterial resistance in Public Health games. Supplement, 2.vol.42.

Carvallo J D, Fabre R, Jehl F, Rapp C and Garrabe E. (2004). β-lactam. EMC-maladies infectieuses 1 : 129-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcmi.2004.03.003

CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards) MC-A10 (2010). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility tests, 10 editions, CLSI Wayne Ed.

Dembélé R, Huovinen E, Yelbéogo D, Kuusi M, Sawadogo G, Haukka K, et al., (2016). Burden of acute gastrointestinal infections in Ouagadougou, Burkina Fasso. J Microbiol Infect Dis.6: 45-52. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.02.2016.02.0215

Diawara F, Coulybaly D, Diarra S, Simaga T. (2018). Factors favouring diarrhoeal diseases diarrhoea in children aged 0 to 5 years in commune II of the district of Bamako district in Mali. Mali santé publique.8 (1) : 25-30.C

Dongo K, Kouamé F, Koné B, Biemi J, Tanner M, Cissé G. (2008). "Analysis of the environnement sanitaire des quartiers défavorisés dans le tissu urbain de Yopougon à Abidjan, Côte-d'Ivoire" vertig0-la rev électronique scie environn.8 :11. https://doi.org/10.4000/vertigo.6252

Dosso M, Bissagnene I, and Coulibaly M. (2000). Acquired resistance and antibiotic antibiotic prescriptions in Africa: how do they fit? Médecine Maladies infectieuses, 30: 197-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0399-077X(00)89090-3

Douyon S. (2017). Impact of rice bran on growth and prevention of diarrhoea in weanling children weaning children in Dioro: case of 50 children. [PhD Thesis Unique], Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako.

Duval P. Champetier de Ribes G, Ranjalahy J, Quilici M L, (1999). Cholera in Madagascar. Lancet. 353 : 206-208.  https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)00103-8

Endimiani A. and Paterson D L. (2007). Optimizing therapy for infections caused by Enterobacteriaceace producing extented-spectrum β-lactamase. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 28: 646-55. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-996411

Fissou H Y, Guelbaye N, Bessimbaye N, and Nicolas Barro (2019). Prevalence and resistance profile of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in N'Djamena, Chad.. Int J.Biol.chem.Sci.13 (4):2065-2073. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i4.13

Gadou V. (2019). Molecular epidemiology of β- lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae resistant to aminoglycosides and fluorquinolones in the District of Abidjan, Ivory Coast. [Thèse de Doctorat Unique] 152p.

Golsdein F W. (2006). Sulfonamides and Trimethopime chapter 27. Antibiogram book ESKA: 2eme edition.341-348

Hassanie H. and Boulanoir M. (2019). Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections at Tizi Ouzou hospital. [Master in Applied Biology]. Akli Mohand Oulhadj University -Bouira Algeria.

Haukkak S. (2007). Energing resistance to never and antimicrobiol agents among shigella isolated from finish foringn travelers. Epidemiol infect. 136 : 478-482. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268807008862

Ibrahim M E, Bilal N E, Magzoub M A, Hamid M E. (2013). Prevalence of Estended- Spectrum β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli from hopitals in Khartoum state, Sudan Oman. Med J, vol.28 (2) :116-120. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2013.30

Iroha I R, Ezelfeca E C, Amadi E S, Umewurike C R. (2009). Occurrence of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase producing Resistant Escherichia coli and klebssiella pneumonae in clinical isolates and klebsiella pneumoniae in clinical isolates and assciated Risk Factor. Rev J Biolog. Sci, 4 (5) :588-592.

Kiptoo V K. (2012). Antimitotic susceptibility profile of Staphylococcu aureus isolates from blood cultures, catheters and pus samples at the Hôpital Hospital Mohommed V RABAT.URI. 55p.

Konaté, A. (2018). Prevalence, genetic factors of virulence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. Isolated during infantile gastroenteritis infantiles à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) [Thèse de Doctorat Unique]. Université Ouagadougou I JOSEPH KI-ZERBO Burkina Fasso.

Labombardi V J, Rojtman A, Tran K. (2006). Use of cefepime for the treatment of infections caused by extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Diagnostic Microbiology infection Disease.56: 313-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.03.019

Lanata C F, Ficher-Walker C L, Olascoaga A C, Torres C X, Aryee M J. et al., (2013). For the child Health Epidemiology Reference Group of the Wold Healh organization and UNICEF Global causes of diarrheal Disease mortality in children < 5 years of Age: Asystematic Review. Sestak K, editor Plos ONE ; 8 (9) : e 72788. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072788

Mamadou S. (2020). Phenotypic characterisation of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli and klebsiella spp. Escherichia coli and klebsiella spp strains isolated from Humans, les Animaux et dans l'environnement au laboratoire Rodolphe Merieux de Bamako laboratory. [Thèse de Pharmacie] Université des Sciences des Techniques et de Technologies Bamako.

Mariama B, Namory K, Mory S, Aboubacar H T, Mamadou A B. et al., (2022). Detection by modern techniques of shigella spp in different sources of water water sources in the peri-urban area of kindia (Basse Guinée) republic of Guinée. In. J Biol.chem.sci,16 (6) : 2582594, https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i6.10.

Mathlouthi N, Al-Bayssari C, El Salabi A, Bakour S, Ben Gwierif S. et al., (2016). Carbapenemases producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from Tunisian and Libyan hospitals. Journal of infection in developing countries 10: 718- 727. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.7426

Mayo S J, Gro N, Matee M I, Kitundu J, Myrmel H et al., (2011). Age specific actiolological agents of diarrhoea in children agedless than five years in Dar es-Salaam, Tanzania BMC Pediatr 11: 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-11-19

Messai Y, Benhassine T, Naim M, Paul G, Bakour R. (2006). Prevalence of β-lactame resistance among Escherichia coli clinical isolates from a hopital in Algiers. Rev Eup Quimoioterap. Vol 19 (2), 144-151.

Nascimento G F (2000). Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic-resistant bacteria Braz. J Microbiol, 31 : 247-257. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822000000400003

Nordmann P, Cuzon G, Nass T. (2009). The real threat of klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase producing bacteria. Lanat Infections Diseases. 9 : 228-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70054-4

Obeng-Nkrumah N, Twum-Danso K, Krogfelt K A and Newman M J (2013). High Levels of Extented-specteum β-lactamases in a Major Teaching Hopital in Ghana: the Need for Regular Monitoring and Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 89: 960-964. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.12-0642

Ouattara M B, Guessennd K N, Coulibaly N D, Saraka N D, Coulibaly K J, Koffi-Nevry R et al., al. (2014). First report of qnr genes in multidrug resistant (ESBL) enterobacteria isolated from different ecosystems in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. International Journal of Biological Sciences and Applications. 1 : 170-175.

Ouédraogo A S, Sanou M, Kissou A, Sanou S, Solaré H. et al., (2016). High prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae among clinical isolates in Burkina Faso, BMC infections Diseases. 16 : 326-335. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1655-3

Ouédraogo N, Tomba Ngangas S M, Bonkoungou I J O, Tiendrebeogo A B, Traore K A. et al., (2017). Temporal distribution of gastroenteritis viruses in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: seasonality of rotavirus BMC public Health. 17: 274. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4161-7

Poelma P L, Andrewes W H, Silliker J H. (1984). Salmonella spp. Compendium methods for the microbiologial examination of foods. 2nd ed. american puplic Health Association, Washington D.C.USA PP.286- 326.In M.L.

Rafai C, Franck T, Manirakiza A, Gaudeuille A, Mbecko J R, Nghario L et al., (2015). Dessimination of IncF-type plasmids in multiresistant CTX-M-15 producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from surgical- site infections in Bangui, Central African Republic. BMC Microbiology. 15 : 15-25.

Tamayo J, Orden B, Cacho J, Cuadros J, Gomez-Garcès J L, Alos J L. (2007) Activity ertapem and other antimicrobials against ESBL-producing enterobacteria rine in patients from Madrid. Rev Esp Quimioterap, Vol 20 (3): 334-338.

Titilawo Y, Obi L, Okoh A. (2015). Occurrence of virulence gene signature associated with diarrhoeagenic and-diarrhoedenic pathovars of Escherichia coli isolates from some select drivers in south-western Nigeria. BMCMicrobiology.15 (204) :1-4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0540-3

Warjri I, Dutta T K, Lalzampuia H and Chandra R. (2015). Detection and characterisatio extended-spectrum β-lactamases (bla CTX-M-I and bla SHV) producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Klebsiella Pneumoniae isolated from humans in Mizoram, Terinary world 8 : 599-604. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2015.599-604

WHO/FAO. (2020). Campylobacter, main facts, diseases treatment, prevention methods. http://www.who.int/fr/newsroom/factsheets/detail/camppylobacter. (Lule10/ 11/22) http://www.aho.afro.who.intmediacentre/factsheets/fs330/fr/.  consulted on 15/4/ 2020.

WPS (water and sanitation program/ Chad). (2012). Economic impact of poor sanitation in Africa. "Document WSP 6p".

WSP (water and sanitation program/ Chad). (2012). Economic impact of poor sanitation in Africa. "Document WSP 6p".

Yandai F H, Zongo C, Moussa A M, Bessimbaye N, Tapsoba F. et al., (2014). Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of feacal carriage of extended-Spectrum Beta- lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli at the Hopital de la mère et de l'Enfant in Ndjamena Chad. Scientific journal of Macrobiology. 3(2) : 25-31. https://doi.org/10.14196/sjm.v3i2.1152

Zeba B, Kiendrebiogo M, Lamien A, Docquier J D, Simporé J, Nacoulma G O. (2007). Major enzymatic factors involved in bacterial penicillin resistance in Burkina Faso. J biol Sci 10 : 506-510. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.506.510


Download this article as Download

How to cite this article:

Bertille Dewa, Bessimbaye Nadlaou, Nadjiroum Ngam-Asra, Abdoulaye Hissein Ousman, Pedros Mitan and Brahim Boy Otchom. 2024. Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from the Diarrhoeal Faeces of Children Aged 0 to 5 Years in N'Djamena and Sarh (Chad).Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 13(5): 137-145. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2024.1305.019
Copyright: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license.

Citations