Indigenous cows have a high potential for organic manure, which is required for organic farming, and in the near future, and will be the backbone of organic farming and India's agricultural economy. It increases plant resistance to pests and diseases, encourages plant growth, and promotes other beneficial activities such as sulphur oxidation and phosphorous solubilization. Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, B. subtilis, Enterococcus diacetylactis, Bifidobacterium, and yeasts (commonly Saccharomyces cerevisiae) are found in the lower part of the cow's gut. Cow dung contains beneficial microflora, including bacilli, lactobacilli, cocci, and a wide range of known and unknown fungi and yeast. Under NABARD sponsored organic farming project executed by ARF, it was observed that vermicompost made out of cowdung improves the texture, water holding capacity, organic carbon content and microbiota of soil for enhanced productivity per acre of land. This review highlights the significance of indigenous cow dung and its microbes in agriculture, industry, pharmaceuticals, and environment.

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