National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
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PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692 Online ISSN : 2319-7706 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com / submit@ijcmas.com Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39 NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38 |
Papillomaviruses are epitheliotropic, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses. The Papillomaviridae family consists of 5 genera affecting cattle, including Delta papillomavirus, Xi papillomavirus, Epsilon papillomavirus, Dyoxi papillomavirus, and Dyokappa papillomavirus. Among these genera, 24 types of bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) have been reported to date. The BPV genome is almost 8 Kb in size and is organized into three regions: early (E), late (L), and long codon region (LCR), The E region codes for replication proteins (E1, E2, E4) as well as oncoproteins (E5, E6, and E7). The L1 ORF is the most conserved among PVs and for this reason, it is employed in virus classification. The present PV diversity can be explained by multiple evolutionary mechanisms. Virus host-divergence is an important evolutionary force, however this force solely cannot explain the evolution of PVs and their diversity, thus alternative mechanisms such as within-host virus duplication, recombination, viral sorting, or viral adaptation after a host switch, may therefore contribute considerably to explain the PV diversification. This review will provide a quick overview of the genomes and structures of BPV as well as a more detailed description of genotypic diversity.
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