National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
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PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692 Online ISSN : 2319-7706 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com / submit@ijcmas.com Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39 NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38 |
The causative agent of COVID-19 disease is a novel betacoronavirus called as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome), which emerged as a pandemic of global concern. World Health Organization i.e., WHO on 11th of March, 2020 declared a worldwide emergency as the number of cases increased at high rate. Still no effective antiviral therapy is available for the treatment of this disease hence; it is the clarion call of time to develop a vaccine to combat this disease. The causative agent of this disease is enveloped single strand positive sense virus that belongs to family Coronoviridae. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that this virus originated from bats, and belongs to Coronavirinae family. The genome of coronavirus is approximately 30kb and has 6-11 ORFs which encode 9680 amino acid polyproteins, among which first ORF codes for 16 nonstructural proteins (nsps) whereas other ORFs code for accessory and structural proteins. SARS-CoV-2 enters into the host cells by binding of the spike glycoprotein with the ACE2 receptor, similar with that of SARS-CoV. The pathological mechanism used by SARS-CoV-2 is similar to that of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV viruses. So, to develop antiviral therapeutics as well as preventive measures, it is important to understand the genome organization, complexity and replication mechanism of this virus. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on the genome structure as well as the mode of pathogenesis of this virus.
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