National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
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PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com / submit@ijcmas.com Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39 NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38 |
Major phytopathogens (fungi, bacteria and viruses) cause heavy damage to crop plants. The comprehensive knowledge of phytopathogens nature i.e. biotrophic, hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic, their intrusion tools by which they get entrainment in plant cell and the machinery of nutrient acquisition so we can make a better understanding about the phytopathogen. This information about phytopathogen helps us to develop novel disease control strategy against them. In this review we have tried to reveals the invasion mechanism by the phytopathogens as fungi physical invasion with help of haustoria, intacellular hyphae and cell wall degrading enzymes, bacteria do passive invasion from stomata and viruses with help of vectors they transmit in to plant cells. This review also deals with the various nutrient acquisition strategies of phytopathogens. Biotrophic fungi usually prefer carbohydrate and in adverse condition shifted towards nitrogen containing compounds whereas necrotrophic fungi get nutrients by altering cell membrane permeability of host. During sporulation of fungi, the role of mannitol is well established. Bacteria use transporters (TBDRs and ABC) and porin proteins for fulfilling their nutrient hunger. During scarcity of nutrients SWEET proteins regulate the acquisition of nutrient in bacteria. Viruses by cellular reprogramming capture the host machinery of replication factories. Protein metabolism also altered during the viral infection by changing target cell for which nutrients are made by host cell so virus can multiply.
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