National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
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PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com / submit@ijcmas.com Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39 NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38 |
Phosphorus (P) is limiting for crop yield on > 30% of the world's arable land and, by some estimates, world resources of inexpensive phosphorus may be depleted by 2050 (Vance et al., 2003). It is the second important key plant nutrient after nitrogen. An adequate supply of phosphorus is therefore required for proper functioning and various metabolisms of plants. Majority of phosphorus in soils is fixed and hence, plant available phosphorus is scarcely available despite the abundance of both inorganic and organic phosphorus forms in soils. A group of soil microorganism’s play significant role in transforming insoluble P into soluble and plant accessible forms across different genera, have been found as best eco-friendly option for availability of phosphorus in soils (Khan et al., 2014). Phosphorous solubilisation is carried out by a large number of saprophytic bacteria and fungi acting on sparingly soluble soil phosphates, mainly solubilized by the action of organic and inorganic acids secreted by phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in which hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of acids chelate cations (Ca, Al and Fe) and decrease the pH in basic soils (Yadav and Varma, 2012). The phosphate solubilizing microorganisms also dissolved the phosphorus through production acids such as (acetate, lactate, oxalate, tartarate, succinate, citrate, gluconate, keto-gluconate and glycolate (Elizabeth et al., 2017). Babu V. S. (2016) found that the application of Bacillus and Pseudomonas species increase the phosphate solubilisation efficiency 258.33 and 161.60 percent respectively. The complexity of phosphorus nutrition of plants arises because the availability and uptake of phosphorus depends on the interaction between soil, plant, and microbial processes. Phosphorus acquisition in low phosphorus conditions, plants change root growth and development by promoting the formation of a shallow, highly branched root system through a reduction of primary root growth, and an increase in adventitious roots and lateral root density, as well as the development of more and longer root hairs (Bovill et al., 2013).
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