National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
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PRINT ISSN : 2319-7692
Online ISSN : 2319-7706 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcmas@gmail.com / submit@ijcmas.com Editor-in-chief: Dr.M.Prakash Index Copernicus ICV 2018: 95.39 NAAS RATING 2020: 5.38 |
This study aimed at analyzing the chemical composition of the essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum, Ocimum suave, Aframomum alboviolaceum Ridley and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, and evaluate their antifungal activities. Hydrodistillation with a Clevenger type apparatus was used for the extraction of essential oils from plant materials. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry were utilized to identify the chemicals. The antifungal activity of the essential oils was tested in vitro against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. For O. gratissimum the major components identified were thymol (31.71%), p-cymene (17.86%) and γ-Terpinene (5.90%). For A. alboviolaceum, 1.8-Cineole (58.90%), α-Terpinyl acetate (9.58%) and α-pinene (4.86%) were found, while geranial (34%), neral (23.79%) and borneol (9.04%) were identified in the volatile extract of Z. officinale. The essence of O. suave had benzene, 1.2.4-trimethoxy-5- (1-propenyl) - (Z) (22.79%); β-bisabolene (19.10%) and spathulenol (18.69%) as the major compounds. Total inhibition of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger by the essential oil of O. gratissimum L. was observed at 5500 ppm and 4750 ppm, respectively. The presence of compounds such as methyl eugenol, thymol and carvacrol, which have previously demonstrated antimicrobial properties could explainthe effect of O. gratissimum L. The essential oil of Z. officinale totally inhibited Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger at 5000ppm and 4500ppm. Z. officinale's action could be linked with the presence of compounds such as geranial, neral, α-pinene and 1.8-cineole. The antifungal activities of the essential oils of O. gratissimum and Z. officinale stronger than those of O. suave and A. alboviolaceum. The inhibition of mycelia growth of the fungus was significantly (p <0.05) positively correlated with the essential oil concentrations. These essential oils could be a promising alternative as biofungicides for the post-smoking conservation of fish.
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