Wheat crop is adaptable to a wide range of soil and climatic conditions. The wheat crop is most successfully grown between the latitude of 30^ºN and 60^ºN and between 27^ºS and 40^ºS.Wheat is grown in 218.54 million hectares with a production of 771.71 million tons of grain all over the world. India produces 98.61 million metric tons of wheat from 29.72 million hectare land with average productivity of 3318 kg/hectare (Director Report 2017-18) and 75 per cent of the wheat produced in India is used for the preparation of chapatti. Like India, wheat is also one of the main cereal crops for Afghan farmers because wheat is a staple food for Afghanistan. In Afghanistan, 1.63 million hectare area is under wheat cultivation and average production is 2210 kg/hectare and total annual production is 3.61 million metric tons. Afghanistan faces annually around 2.4 million metric tons shortage of wheat which is compensated by importing from other countries (APR, MAIL, Afghanistan, 2018). Keeping in view the difference between wheat productivity of India and Afghanistan, this study was undertaken purposively with the specific objective because the researcher is sponsored by USA in Grain Research and Innovation (GRAIN) project. GRAIN project is exclusively based on increasing wheat production in Afghanistan by different ways and means of wheat production technologies. Two states from each country were selected for the study purposively representing both the countries for maximum wheat production. These were Punjab and Haryana from India and Herat and Nangarhar from Afghanistan. Hisar (Haryana), Mansa (Punjab) districts from India, Injil (Herat) and Behsood (Nangarhar) districts from Afghanistan were selected purposively because these were major wheat-growing districts in both the countries. Three villages were selected randomly from each district and thereby a total number of twelve villages were selected for the data collection. 15 wheat growers from each village were selected randomly and total number of 180 wheat growers was selected to constitute a sample of the study. The data were collected through pre-tested structured interview schedule. Seven important wheat production technological practices namely; preparation of land, seed rate, spacing, seed treatment, fertilisers, irrigation facilities and plant protection measures were considered under scientific wheat production practices. Adoption of these practices was found out by using different statistical tools. Weighted mean score of adoption of various practices in Afghanistan, ranged from 1.40 to 1.97. The recommended practices having highest mean score were time of sowing with rank I followed by irrigation requirement with rank II, while  mean adoption score of various practices of wheat production technology in India ranged from 2.02 to 2.89. Recommended practices having highest mean score were recommended varieties with rank I followed by preparation of land with rank II. Further, it was observed that majority of the respondents had low adoption level of wheat production technology of wheat in Afghanistan, while in India; majority of the respondents had medium adoption level about recommended wheat production technology. 

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