K. pneumoniae is responsible for a wide variety of hospital and community-acquired infections, affecting patients with normal immune systems as well as those with pre-existing conditions. The Carbapenems are β-lactam antibiotics that are used in the treatment of infections caused by Extended Spectrum beta-Lactamases (ESBL) producing gram negative bacteria (GNB). Carbapenem antibiotics are considered the drugs of choice for the treatment of ESBL -producing Enterobacteriaceae and other multidrug resistant bacteria. However, resistance to carbapenems is being increasingly detected and is mainly related to the action of carbapenemase-type enzymes. The emergence of bacterial strains that produce carbapenemases further limits the therapeutic options available to clinicians. Genotying of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from clinical isolates. This was a hospital based prospective study, undertaken in the department of Microbiology. All clinical isolates like Urine, Pus, ET secretions, BAL, Blood and other Body fluids received in the laboratory were subjected to routine processing as per standard procedures. Identification &Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Vitek2 system. Modified Hodge test was carried out as confirmatory test. Genotypically, PCR was carried out for the detection of blaKPC, blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-48 gene. A total of 1,539 Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from various clinical samples over a period of 2 years from March 2015- April 2017. Among 1,539 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 252(16.37%) isolates were carbapenem resistant by Vitek 2.190(75.39%) of the Carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae were positive by Modified Hodge test. By PCR analysis blaKPC gene was found to be positive in 86(34.12%) of CRKP isolates. Followed by, blaNDM-1 gene showed 90(35.71%) positivity and 126(50%) isolates were positive for blaOXA-48 gene respectively. Carbapenem resistant is being progressively detected. This resistance is primarily related to the action of carbapenemase-type enzymes. The acceleratory frequency of carbapenemase-producing bacteria indicates the urgency of having tools convenient to monitor the appearance and the spread of each family of carbapenemase gene types.PCR is a compelling method for detection of carbapenemase genes. This overcomes the limitations of the phenotypic tests. Hence molecular characterization should be considered.

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